蜘蛛是怎么織網(wǎng)的？
[ 2007-02-14 11:05 ]
形容一個人戀愛了我們常說他/她“墜入情網(wǎng)”，可見愛情對人的影響之大。不過，要說到網(wǎng)，在自然界中，最會織網(wǎng)的怕是蜘蛛了。只不過，蜘蛛這張網(wǎng)不是用來網(wǎng)住愛情的而是用來捕食的。難怪，人們也會把張開情網(wǎng)的人比作獵手呢。閑話少說，我們還是來探究一下蜘蛛究竟是怎么織網(wǎng)的吧。
 To spin a tale about the spider, an arachnid, we
must first examine the common thread that ties them together...the way they
produce the silk they use to weave their webs, as well as other contraptions, to
suit their particular needs.
Spiders differ from insects in that they have eight legs, eight eyes, in most
cases, no wings, and have only two parts to their bodies, one of which produces
silk. They are found in a host of climates, can scurry across the ground, can
scale plants, and can skate on, and live in, water. These factors determine how
the spider uses it's silk, and what type of silk it produces.
The production of silk begins in certain glands located in the abdomen, or
belly, of the beast. Spinning organs at the tip of the abdomen, contain many
tiny holes, and function much as a sieve, through which the silk is pressed. The
silk strained through is in liquid form, but immediately takes on a solid form,
much like cotton candy does, when exposed to air.
The spider creates a variety of types of silk, each of which serves a
separate, yet distinct function. Spiders use the sticky kind to spin webs, to
catch and to hold the insects they invite into their parlors until they are
ready for dinner. They use the non-sticky, stronger variety to tether down the
spokes of the wheel, and yet a different kind of silk for their cocoons.
Even the webs the spider spins differ greatly, depending upon the factors
listed above. The most common of all webs we see is the wheel-shaped web. Less
common are the so-called "sheet" webs, which blanket surfaces with a funnel, or
dome like shape. The trap-door spiders burrow out their webs, and complete them
with built-in chutes, through which their unsuspecting guests fall through,
right onto the spider's plate. The web we see least often, is the air-tight,
bell-shaped home some spiders build...probably because it is completely
submerged in water!
Why aren't spiders caught in their own webs?
In short, startled spiders can be entangled in their own webs, in the same
manner as their prey. Generally speaking, however, the spider avoids this deadly
mishap, by differentiating between the various types of silk it produces, and by
knowing its home turf.
When the spider weaves its sticky, insect-catching type of web, it builds
into it safety threads of the non-sticky variety, upon which it traverses
without being snared. Its nimble, highly sensitive feet orient the spider about
its new home, and past the potential pitfalls, to which its prey falls victim.
Unless, of course, something, or someone, startles the spider, in which case all
bets are off, and the parlor game is over.
contraptions: 奇妙的裝置，稀奇古怪的玩意
sieve: 篩子，濾網(wǎng)
spoke: 輪輻
（改編自：coolquiz.com 英語點津 Annabel 編輯） |
