三级aa视频在线观看-三级国产-三级国产精品一区二区-三级国产三级在线-三级国产在线

We have launched E-mail Alert service,subscribers can receive the latest catalogues free of charge

 
 
You Are Here: Home > Publications> Articles

It is Imperative to Reform the Basic Education Input System in Rural Areas

2004-12-13

Luo Dan

I. Since 1990s, the Basic Education Input in Rural Areas Has Witnessed a Rapid Increase.

In order to investigate into the grassroots financial input in education, we have chosen the Shishi City of Fujian Province, Wenjiang District of Chengdu City, Liling City of Hunan Province, Helinge’er County of Inner Mongolia and Yanchi County of Ningxia to respectively represent regions of very high, relatively high, medium, relatively low, and very low economic development levels and serve as samples for our investigation and study.

The findings show a constant rise of the grassroots financial input in educational fund for most years since 1990s. During 1990~2003, the educational fund of Shishi City increased at an average annual rate of 17.81%. During 1990~2003, the average annual increase rate of the educational fund of Wenjiang District reached 20.14%. Between 1992 and 2002, the educational fund of Liling City increased at an average annual rate of 14.08%. Between 1995 and 2003, the educational fund of Helinge’er County increased 17.28% annually on average.

II. Educational Input in Regions of Medium, Relatively Low and Very Low Economic Development Levels Is Still Inadequate; Regional Disparity Is Relatively Huge; Floating Population Lacks the Conditions to Receive Basic Education.

Viewed from the total amount of input, the basic education input in the rural areas of regions of very high and relatively high economic development levels can be guaranteed, however, educational input in regions of medium, relatively low and very low economic development levels is still inadequate. Due to the scant input, the number of persons deprived of education in the rural areas of these regions are relatively large, the ratios of teachers to students are improper, and quality of the teachers needs prompt improvement, wage and welfare are still insufficient, teaching and studying conditions are relatively poor, the average floor area of school building per student is not adequate, the burden in renovating dilapidated buildings is still heavy, and in order to come up to the standards of "basically realizing universal nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating young adult illiterates", the educational departments and schools have incurred heavy debts.

There is a relatively huge disparity between different regions in terms of the average educational fund per student, especially for junior high school students. For example, in 2003, the average educational fund per pupil in Shishi City was RMB 326.41 and RMB 565.89 more than those of the Helinge’er County and the Yanchi County respectively, and the average educational fund for each junior high school student in Shishi City was RMB 1053.56 and RMB 1394.74 more than those of the Helinge’er County and the Yanchi County respectively, which was over twice as much as those of the latter two.

Viewed from the educational phases, shortage of educational input in senior high schools does deserve great attention. At present, the number of pupils enrolled in the primary schools of the Liling City is decreasing at a rapid rate, reduced by 75.45% during 1997~2003. At the same time, the number of students at junior high schools increased by 52.90%. By 2007, the number of students at senior high schools will reach a peak, with over 20,000 students annually. Judged from the current situation, senior high education is regarded as private service with less support from the government.

Unauthorized charges imposed by the public primary and high schools on the children of peasants has not been banned. The overcharge for transient primary school students varies from RMB 200 to RMB 400~500 for each semester, which may be paid in the form of a lump sum of "donation", usually RMB 1200 for primary schools, and several thousand for junior high schools.

III. Relevant Policy Recommendations

1. Increase the proportion of fiscal expenditure in basic education input. In China, the proportion of education expenditures from the central budget in GDP is not only below the level of the developed countries(4.8% in 1998) but also is much lower than that of the developing countries (3.5% in 1995). It is necessary to further reinforce the role of the public function of the central financing in respect of the basic education in rural areas.

2. The central budget should undertake more responsibilities in respect of the basic education input in the rural areas. Presently, the proportion of the state financial revenue and provincial financial revenues in the total financial revenue is getting larger and larger, however, the responsibility in respect of education input has not been transferred to the higher-level authorities. To reform the fiscal system in rural areas, the Central Government and the people’s governments at the provincial and municipal levels should shoulder more responsibilities in rural education.

3. Establish a standard payment transfer system. It is necessary to make greater efforts in respect of general transfer payment. Apart from the requirement that it must be used for basic education in the rural areas, there is no specific prescription as to whether the general transfer payment shall be used for capital construction or the payment of teachers’ salary, and supporting fund shall not be demanded from the local government.

4. Continue to intensify efforts in respect of the basic education input in the poor areas, and include the basic education in the rural areas of the medium-level developed regions in the range of payment transfer. In the upcoming several years, apart from transfer payment in the form of salary, the annual special transfer payment used for rural education of the western region will amount to 10 billion Renminbi, which will contribute a great deal to the development of the basic education in the western region.

Actually, the educational fund in the central region is also in short supply, therefore, it is necessary to include the educational fund in the central region in the payment transfer framework of the central budget. The level of basic education input from the local budget shall be appraised and decided on the basis of calculating the basic educational fund demanded by the regions of medium and lower economic development levels. The insufficiency shall be made up by the transfer payment of the Central Government and the higher authorities.

5. The governments of the cities and towns of influx and public schools shall be mainly responsible for the compulsory education of the children of peasants seeking employment in the cities. Apart from the tuition and incidentals, it is forbidden to collect "donations" and overcharge for transient students.

6. At the present stage, the senior high school education shall be taken as quasi public service, and shall have the vigorous support from the government.

September 2004

 
主站蜘蛛池模板: 182tv精品视频在线播放 | 黄色影院 | 不卡视频免费在线观看 | 黄色在线视频免费 | 欧美a级在线 | 国内精自品线一区91 | 黄色一级网 | 欧美bbww| 大杳焦伊人久久综合热 | 最新亚洲精品国自产在线 | 国产乱码精品一区二区三 | 国产免费午夜 | 日本巨乳中文字幕 | 国产最新精品 | 成人精品在线视频 | 国内自拍网红在线综合 | 国产午夜精品一二区理论影院 | 之后3在线观看完整免费酷客 | 色播欧美| 99久久伊人一区二区yy5099 | 亚洲欧美精品一中文字幕 | 日韩欧美亚洲一区二区综合 | 成人免费视频社区 | 欧美日韩亚洲国内综合网俺 | 亚洲国产香蕉视频欧美 | 九九视频只有精品六 | 欧美精品一区二区三区久久 | 高清在线不卡 | 黄色中文字幕 | 亚洲三区视频 | 五月香婷婷 | baoyutv最新在线观看 | 一级做a爰片久久毛片免费 一级做a爰片久久毛片免费看 | 国产欧美日韩精品第二区 | 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区视频 | 国产亚洲高清不卡在线观看 | 伊人久久久久久久久久 | 日本不卡在线一区二区三区视频 | 免费观看的毛片 | 亚洲欧美日韩网站 | 在线观看免费高清激情爱爱 |