中國(guó)網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
歇后語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)的翻譯
目前，對(duì)“歇后語(yǔ)”一詞的翻譯難以統(tǒng)一。有人翻譯為Chinese enigmatic folk similes，這一譯法的缺點(diǎn)是歇后語(yǔ)中不全是比喻，也有諧音或雙關(guān)式歇后語(yǔ)。有人翻譯為quiz-cracks(隱語(yǔ)或謎語(yǔ))，同樣也不全面。于是有人提議直接翻譯為xiehouyu in Chinese，這倒是有一定的可借鑒性。因?yàn)樾笳Z(yǔ)是中華民族的獨(dú)特文化，正如二胡(erhu)、中國(guó)功夫(Chinese gongfu)等。但是，追根溯源，歇后語(yǔ)最早是文人之間的一種文字游戲，最早叫做“俏皮話(huà)”，因此，有人據(jù)此大膽翻譯為Chinese folk wisecracks。
比喻性歇后語(yǔ)的翻譯方法
直譯法： 對(duì)大多數(shù)喻義歇后語(yǔ)，由于比喻部分生動(dòng)形象，喻義部分邏輯推理合乎情理，不包含一詞兩義的雙關(guān)或諧音，通常采用直譯法，既傳達(dá)源語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，又維持源語(yǔ)的形象，便于讀者閱讀和欣賞。例如：
瞎子點(diǎn)燈--白費(fèi)蠟。 It is as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.
黃鼠狼給雞拜年--不懷好意。 A weasel wishing Happy New Year to a chicken-harboring no good intention.
肉包子打狗--有去無(wú)回。 Chasing a dog by throwing meat dumplings at it-gone, never to return.
竹籃打水--一場(chǎng)空。 Like ladling water with a wicker basket-all is empty (nothing).
八仙過(guò)海--各顯其能。 (Like) the Eight Immortals crossing the sea-each showing his or her special prowess. ( Each of them shows their true worth.)
隔著門(mén)縫看人--把人瞧扁了。 If you peer at a person through a crack-he looks flat.
兔子尾巴長(zhǎng)不了。 The tail of a rabbit-cannot be long; won't last long.
諧音或雙關(guān)式歇后語(yǔ)的翻譯方法
解釋法：解釋法是一種行之有效的翻譯方法，也是揭示源語(yǔ)文化內(nèi)涵的重要途徑，它是指在譯文里保留原來(lái)的文化色彩，并加上簡(jiǎn)要的解釋說(shuō)明以突出其形象性。解釋法可以細(xì)分為解釋性替代和解釋性增補(bǔ)兩種類(lèi)型。
解釋性替代
解釋性替代是指當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)在源語(yǔ)和譯語(yǔ)中的內(nèi)涵意義相同，但聯(lián)想意義不同時(shí)，不能按照字面翻譯，而應(yīng)該用解釋性替代的方法翻譯原文。漢語(yǔ)中的成語(yǔ)即諺語(yǔ)翻譯一般用解釋性替代的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯，例如: 揮金如土 spend money like water
解釋性增補(bǔ)
解釋性增補(bǔ)是指當(dāng)源語(yǔ)中詞語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵意義在譯語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)詞匯空缺,其聯(lián)想意義也出現(xiàn)空白時(shí),譯者必須保留源語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)形象,而將其深層含義以解釋的形式翻譯出來(lái),揭示出源語(yǔ)的文化特性或文化背景。漢語(yǔ)中特有的歇后語(yǔ)在譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),可以保留原語(yǔ)形象,再用解釋性增補(bǔ)以表現(xiàn)其喻意。
利用漢語(yǔ)的諧音
牛角抹油——又尖（奸）又滑（猾） Spreading oil on an ox horn——to make it sharper and more slippery or cunning and treacherous.
李雙雙見(jiàn)到丈夫——有喜旺（希望）
Li Shuangshuang sees her husband——she has Xiwang now; like Li Shuangshuang meeting her husband Xiwang, a homophone for the Chinese word xiwang meaning hope, there is hope now.
利用雙關(guān)語(yǔ)義
井底雕花——深刻 Carving a flower design on the bottom of a well——carving deeply or get to the essence of something.
搟面杖吹火———一竅不通?A rolling pin used as a bellows —no good at all.
王小二過(guò)年——一年不如一年
Wang Xiao'er spending the New Year——one year is worse than another; like Wang Xiao’er's life, one year is worse than another.?
飛機(jī)上跳傘——一落千丈
Bale out from a flying plane——drop down a thousand zhang or suffer a drastic decline; like jumping from a flying plane, they decline drastically.
利用典故
英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中存有大量由歷史典故形成的習(xí)語(yǔ)，如，“東施效顰”、“名落孫山”、“葉公好龍”等等。英語(yǔ)典故習(xí)語(yǔ)多來(lái)自《圣經(jīng)》和希臘羅馬神話(huà)，如Achilles'heel（唯一致命弱點(diǎn)）、meet one's Waterloo（一敗涂地）、Penelope's web（永遠(yuǎn)完不成的工作）、a Pandora's box（潘多拉之盒，代表災(zāi)難、麻煩、禍害的根源）等。
有關(guān)典故的這些習(xí)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，意義深遠(yuǎn)，往往是不能單從字面意義去理解和翻譯的。在翻譯利用典故的歇后語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果僅僅使用解釋性增補(bǔ)方法是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，我們還應(yīng)該對(duì)譯文加以注釋?zhuān)瑥亩鴱奈幕虾蜌v史上更準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)漢語(yǔ)歇后語(yǔ)所包含的民族和文化特色。
八仙聚會(huì)——又說(shuō)又笑?
A gathering of Eight Immortals——speaking and laughing; like the Eight Immortals at a gathering, they are talking and laughing merrily.
Note: The Eight Immortals refer to the eight Taoists in a Chinese legend, namely, Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lü Dongbin, Tieguai Li, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu.
王羲之寫(xiě)字——橫豎都好
A?character out of Wang Xizhi’s hand——vertical strokes are as good as horizontal ones; like Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, it is good in every way.
Note: Wang Xizhi was a famous Chinese calligrapher and a Chinese character is usually composed of strokes, of which the vertical and horizontal ones are the most commonly used. Hengshu here has two interpretations: 1) the horizontal and vertical strokes; 2) horizontally or vertically, that is, in any way.
灶王爺扔石頭——砸鍋
The Kitchen God throwing stones——to break the pot or ruin the matter.
Note: The literal meaning of zaguo is to break a pot but it is usually used to mean ruining the matter.
秦叔寶賣(mài)馬——窮途末路
Qin Shubao selling his horse——the last resort to overcome his difficulty; like Qin Shubao selling his horse, they are driven into a dead end
Note: Qin Qiong, styled Shubao, was a famous general in the Tang Dynasty. Before becoming a general, he was once penniless and had no way out but to sell his own horse.
相關(guān)閱讀：
（來(lái)源：中國(guó)翻譯網(wǎng)，英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津編輯）
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