作者:王銀泉
2007年12月27日,巴基斯坦前總理、巴人民黨主席貝娜齊爾?布托遇刺身亡,至今謎霧重重。面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)反對(duì)黨的指責(zé),巴總統(tǒng)穆沙拉夫只得向英國(guó)求援,由英國(guó)蘇格蘭場(chǎng)(Scotland Yard,倫敦警察局)派遣專(zhuān)家前往巴基斯坦協(xié)助調(diào)查。2008年1月4日,倫敦警察局派遣的6人專(zhuān)家團(tuán)抵達(dá)巴首都伊斯蘭堡。當(dāng)時(shí)西方主要媒體都對(duì)此進(jìn)行了報(bào)道,其中法新社(AFP)的一條新聞報(bào)道是這樣說(shuō)的:
Scotland Yard team arrives in Pakistan: officials
Fri Jan 4, 2008
RAWALPINDI, Pakistan (AFP) - A team of Scotland Yard investigators have arrived in Pakistan to help probe the assassination of former premier Benazir Bhutto, airport officials said Friday.
英國(guó)調(diào)查專(zhuān)家抵達(dá)巴之后,他們檢查了貝?布托遇刺時(shí)乘坐的防彈汽車(chē),前往貝?布托遇害前參加公眾集會(huì)的拉瓦爾品第利亞卡特?巴格公園,在公園門(mén)口的貝?布托遇刺地點(diǎn)周?chē)屑?xì)查看現(xiàn)場(chǎng),對(duì)制高點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行拍照、測(cè)量和記錄,然后還前往收治遇刺后的貝?布托的醫(yī)院以及斂尸房進(jìn)行了實(shí)地察看。
但是,貝?布托的丈夫和兒子對(duì)于上述調(diào)查并不賣(mài)帳,他們多次表示,巴基斯坦政府方面的調(diào)查將不能使他們信服,因此呼吁英國(guó)和美國(guó)支持該黨要求聯(lián)合國(guó)介入貝布托死因調(diào)查的請(qǐng)求。西方媒體于是又有相關(guān)報(bào)道,如美聯(lián)社(AP)的一篇報(bào)道的標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是這樣的:
Bhutto's husband calls for UN probe
By CHRIS BRUMMITT, Associated Press Writer
Fri Jan 5, 2008
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan - The husband of slain opposition leader Benazir Bhutto on Saturday accused elements within Pakistan's government of responsibility for her murder and urged Britain and the United States to support a U.N. investigation into the killing.
Bhutto's son demands UN probe into mother's assassination
AFP via Yahoo! News - Jan 08 9:26 AM
The son of Pakistan's slain opposition leader Benazir Bhutto warned that the country faces disintegration unless upcoming elections are "free and fair," and demanded a UN probe into her death.
從上述三則新聞報(bào)道,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),新聞媒體在表達(dá)“調(diào)查”這一意思的時(shí)候傾向于使用probe,而不是人們更加熟悉的investigate。在上述新聞報(bào)道中,雖然investigate的名詞形式investigator和investigation都有出現(xiàn),但probe顯然占據(jù)了很顯著的地位,無(wú)論是其作為動(dòng)詞還是名詞,第二條和第三條新聞的標(biāo)題中就使用了probe,而第一條新聞的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中使用了probe這個(gè)動(dòng)詞,干脆沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)investigate。
其實(shí),在這里,investigate是完全可以使用的,因?yàn)樗尼屃x就是“查明(犯罪、事故或科學(xué)問(wèn)題的真相),調(diào)查,審查”。用于調(diào)查貝?布托遇刺的這一背景之下,investigate完全符合當(dāng)前語(yǔ)境。但是,我們又發(fā)現(xiàn),probe這個(gè)在普通英語(yǔ)中使用頻率不如investigate的單詞在新聞報(bào)道中出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)反而多一些,其中的原因就在于新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)喜歡使用一些短小精悍的單詞,英語(yǔ)新聞無(wú)論是標(biāo)題還是正文都力求用有限的字?jǐn)?shù)來(lái)表達(dá)新聞的內(nèi)容,為此,在措詞上尤其要狠下功夫,選詞盡可能經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)意、簡(jiǎn)短明了,偏愛(ài)選用那些短小精悍或字母最少的動(dòng)詞。這是因?yàn)槎绦∫锥?、形象生?dòng)的措詞不僅能增強(qiáng)新聞的簡(jiǎn)潔性和可讀性,而且還能節(jié)省版面篇幅。比如說(shuō),同樣是“禁止”,新聞報(bào)道傾向于使用ban,而不是prohibit。Probe在新聞報(bào)道中的使用也就屬于這一原因。《朗曼當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》也提供了確鑿證據(jù),其對(duì)probe釋義為a very thorough inquiry into something, used by newspapers(徹底調(diào)查,深入調(diào)查)并且明確指出這是報(bào)紙用語(yǔ)。
在關(guān)于貝?布托遇刺案調(diào)查的新聞報(bào)道中,媒體同期使用probe的頻率確實(shí)相當(dāng)高。比如說(shuō),《印度快報(bào)》1月9日的一則新聞報(bào)道說(shuō),曾經(jīng)調(diào)查美國(guó)《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》記者丹尼爾?珀?duì)?年前在巴基斯坦被殺案的偵探將參與調(diào)查貝?布托遇刺真相。該報(bào)道的標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是這樣的:
Detective who cracked Pearl case to probe Bhutto killing
Wednesday January 9, 03:31 PM
The Indian Express
The Pakistani detective, who cracked the killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl five years ago, has joined the team probing the assassination of former premier Benazir Bhutto.
Zubair Mahmood of the Federal Investigation Agency in the port city of Karachi has been deputed to join the Pakistani team working with investigators from Britain's Scotland Yard to probe the assassination.
在調(diào)查貝?布托遇刺案的同時(shí),2008年元旦,一名美國(guó)外交官在蘇丹首都喀土穆街頭遭槍擊后不治身亡。隨后,美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院宣布,美國(guó)外交安全人員和美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局組成一個(gè)聯(lián)合小組,前往蘇丹調(diào)查這一事件。西方媒體對(duì)此進(jìn)行了報(bào)道,其中一則報(bào)道如下:
FBI agents arrive in Sudan to probe US diplomat's killing
Fri Jan 4, 2008
KHARTOUM (AFP) - FBI and other US investigators have arrived in the Sudanese capital to probe the killing of a US diplomat in a drive-by shooting on New Year's Day, officials said Friday.
美國(guó)調(diào)查人員抵達(dá)蘇丹之后,他們對(duì)誰(shuí)是這起襲擊事件的幕后指使展開(kāi)了調(diào)查,相關(guān)新聞報(bào)道是這么說(shuō)的:
U.S. agents probe Sudan attack claim
By Andrew Heavens
Fri Jan 5, 2008
KHARTOUM (Reuters) - U.S. security agents are investigating reports that a previously unknown militant group was behind the killing of a U.S. aid officer and his Sudanese driver in Khartoum, an embassy official said on Saturday.
在上述新聞發(fā)生的同時(shí),聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)剛果(金)的人權(quán)問(wèn)題調(diào)查也引起了媒體的關(guān)注,有關(guān)媒體刊登了以下一篇報(bào)道:
UN rights investigators probe Congo
By EDDY ISANGO, Associated Press Writer
Fri Jan 5, 2008
GOMA, Congo - Congolese government forces summarily executed civilians and members of a politician's private militia and used excessive force during clashes with the militia last year, according to a preliminary report by U.N. human rights investigators.
The investigators had probed March clashes in Kinshasa, Congo's capital, between Congolese forces and security guards of Jean-Pierre Bemba, a former warlord who was runner-up in 2006 presidential elections.
在其他新聞報(bào)道中,probe的使用也相當(dāng)普遍,比如:
Report: Feds probe Internet suicide
AP via Yahoo! News – Jan. 9, 29 minutes ago
A federal grand jury has issued a subpoena to MySpace.com in a probe stemming from the suicide of a Missouri teenager who received cruel messages on the networking site that turned out to be a hoax, a newspaper reported.
FBI to probe Sikh brothers' murder in California
IANS via Yahoo! India News - Jan 08 10:45 PM
New York, Jan 9 (IANS) Police have sought the help of FBI's hate-crime investigators to probe the December killing of two Sikh brothers who ran a restaurant in California.
從上述新聞報(bào)道可以看出,probe很有新聞緣,西方媒體在表達(dá)“調(diào)查”這一意思的時(shí)候,他們首先想到的就是probe,而不是investigate。當(dāng)然,作為一個(gè)使用更加普遍的單詞,investigate用在上述新聞報(bào)道中也并無(wú)不妥,只是似乎可以這么說(shuō),probe是新聞媒體在表達(dá)“調(diào)查”這一意思時(shí)候的首選單詞,其原因可能在于新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)喜歡使用音節(jié)少的單詞,而investigate是一個(gè)使用范圍很廣的普通詞匯。不過(guò),在表示“調(diào)查人員”這一意思的時(shí)候,新聞媒體只使用investigator,而從未見(jiàn)過(guò)使用prober這一單詞。
了解一些新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)常識(shí),懂得同義詞匯用法之間的一些細(xì)微差異,有助于我們更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),把英語(yǔ)學(xué)的活一些,用的活一些,從而可以更好地幫助廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者提高英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。
我要看更多專(zhuān)欄文章
About the author: |
|
王銀泉,南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,大學(xué)外語(yǔ)部主任。2007年4月由江蘇省省委常委集體討論入選為江蘇省"333高層次人才培養(yǎng)工程"首批中青年科學(xué)技術(shù)帶頭人。南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)133人才培養(yǎng)工程英語(yǔ)學(xué)科學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人。南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革總主持人。1996年獲國(guó)家留學(xué)基金首批資助。1997年10月至1998年10月留學(xué)加拿大渥太華大學(xué)并進(jìn)修研究生核心課程。曾訪(fǎng)問(wèn)英美。迄今為止已在《外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究》和《中國(guó)翻譯》等核心刊物上發(fā)表論文40余篇,其中CSSCI來(lái)源期刊文章13篇(依據(jù)2006年度CSSCI來(lái)源期刊)。主編教材1部,教輔圖書(shū)1部,參編詞典1部,在編專(zhuān)著2部。
|