For the last seven decades, Japan has been a rather inward looking nation, not much engaged either with its neighbors or the world beyond in other than purely economic concerns: trade and outward foreign direct investment.
過去70年間，日本基本算是個內向型國家（inward looking nation），除純粹的經濟問題，即貿易及對外直接投資以外，很少參與鄰國及全球的事務。

Beyond the purely economic dimensions, Japan cannot claim to have been an active Asian, let alone global citizen. Indeed, in many ways Japan has remained closed to its neighbors. The so-called Asian NIEs (newly industrialized economies) were able to achieve export-driven growth by penetrating, and profiting from, American and European markets, not that of their rich neighbor Japan.
在純經濟領域之外，日本不能說是一個活躍的“亞洲公民”，更稱不上是活躍的“世界公民”了。的確，日本在很多方面都對鄰國采取封閉態度。所謂的亞洲新興工業化經濟體（newly industrialized economies，NIEs）當年是依靠打入歐美市場，而非其富裕的鄰國日本，出口產品賺取利潤來發展經濟。

This is one of the many differences between Germany and Japan. Germany has been the major market for its European neighbors, including the emerging East European economies. In contrast, Japan has not played the role of a regional economic locomotive.
這也是德國與日本的諸多區別之一。德國已成為其歐洲鄰國（包括新興的東歐經濟體）的主要貿易市場，而日本在拉動地區經濟方面并未發揮有力作用。

The other major difference between Germany and Japan is that, while the former has atoned for its atrocities and has reconciled peacefully with its neighbors, Japan has not.
德日的另一個重要區別在于，德國已經為它曾經犯下的暴行贖罪，并且與鄰國冰釋前嫌，日本則不然。

The fact that Japan should be redefining its military role raises many questions, especially because of the way two security bills were railroaded through parliament. Polls indicate that two-thirds of the Japanese people are opposed to the bills. There have been demonstrations and petitions against them in Japan.
日本試圖改變其軍事定位的做法引發了很多質疑，尤其考慮到兩次安保法案都是由國會強行通過。調查顯示2/3的日本民眾反對新安保法案。為此，日本民眾曾多次舉行抗議和請愿活動。

Fundamentally, however, the fact that Japan has not been an active Asian citizen would not have per se caused grave concern. What is worrying is that this is happening in conjunction with the increasingly strident nationalism and revisionism of the Japanese political leadership.
然而，從本質上說，日本并非積極的“亞洲公民”這一事實本身并不必令人十分擔憂，此時正值日本政治領導人越發強硬地推行其民族主義和修正主義思想，這才是真正令人擔憂的。

Although Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine which, among others honors 14 Class-A war criminals, after 2013 visit because of intense international pressure, many other prominent Japanese politicians, including members of Abe's government, continue to regularly visit it.
出于強大的國際壓力，2013年之后，日本首相安倍沒有再參拜供奉有14名甲級戰犯的靖國神社，然而包括安倍內閣官員在內的許多日本高層領導人仍堅持定期參拜神社。

Among the 14 Class-A war criminals honored in the Yasukuni Shrine is Iwane Matsui, the officer responsible for the Nanjing Massacre in which more than 300,000 Chinese were killed. This is as if, in Germany, members of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union visited and paid homage to the tombs of the Waffen SS. This act is a cruel provocation vis-à-vis Japan's neighbors and war victims, and thereby a major reason why there is no peace in the Asia-Pacific region.
靖國神社中供奉的14名甲級戰犯包括制造南京大屠殺的主犯松井石根。南京大屠殺的中國遇難者超30萬。日本政界的做法就如同德國總理默克爾參拜納粹黨衛隊的墓地并致敬。這是對日本鄰國及戰爭受害者的殘忍挑釁，同時也是造成亞太地區不和諧局面的一個重要原因。

Over half of Abe's Cabinet, including Abe himself, along with some 150 members of parliament from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, are members of a powerful ultra-nationalist lobby known as Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference). Far from promoting democracy, it insists that the American occupation and the pacifist Constitution emasculated Japan.
安倍內閣中超過半數的成員，包括安倍本人，以及約150名執政黨自民黨的議員都是“日本會議”（Nippon Kaigi）的成員。“日本會議”是一個很有影響力的極端民族主義游說團體。它不推行民主，反而主張美國的占領和和平主義的憲法是對日本的閹割。

This is the domestic political context in Japan which makes advocating re-arming Japan so troublesome. This same group praises the invasions, massacres and rapes of its East Asian neighbors as wars of liberation.
日本國內的這種政治環境使得日本解除集體自衛權一事尤為令人苦惱。“日本會議”還將日本戰時對東亞鄰國人民的侵略、屠殺和強奸等罪行粉飾為解放戰爭。

The most heinous aspect of contemporary Japanese revisionism is the denial of the plight of the Korean and Chinese sex slaves (known euphemistically in Japanese as "comfort women") - forced into prostitution by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. Japanese revisionists deny their existence or, worse, claim they were just common prostitutes. As a group of Japanese historical associations has asserted in a recent declaration, "the existence of forcibly recruited 'comfort women' has been verified by many historical records and research" and "those who were made 'comfort women' fell victim to unspeakable violence as sex slaves".
日本當代修正主義最令人發指的一面是否認在二戰前及戰中日本帝國陸軍曾逼迫中韓女性成為性奴（日本使用委婉語“慰安婦”）。日本修正主義者否認慰安婦的存在，甚至宣稱她們本身就是妓女。近日，許多日本的歷史研究團體已經在一份宣言中證實，“大量歷史資料和研究已經證明被‘逼良為娼’的慰安婦的存在”且 “這些慰安婦作為性奴遭受了不可言說的暴力傷害。”

If Japanese parliamentarians stopped visiting to the Yasukuni, if Nippon Kaigi were dissolved, if Abe bowed before the memorial erected in honor of the "comfort women", there would be far less concern about Japan's increased military role.
如果日本議員停止參拜靖國神社，如果“日本會議”被解散，如果安倍在慰安婦受害者的紀念碑前鞠躬道歉，人們也就不會對日本軍事力量的增長這般擔憂了。

But given the unrelenting chauvinism that pervades Japan's political establishment, it is no wonder that in East Asia there is serious concern about the resurgence of Japanese militarism - and hence the prospect of war in Asia.
但盲目的愛國主義仍舊主導著日本內閣，所以難怪東亞各國對日本軍國主義的死灰復燃以及亞洲未來可能因此爆發戰爭都頗為擔憂。

The author: Jean-Pierre Lehmann?is an emeritus professor of international political economy at the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, and co-author of Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship.
關于作者：讓-皮埃爾·萊曼（Jean-Pierre Lehmann），瑞典洛桑國際管理發展學院國際政治與經濟學榮譽教授，《日本未來的一種選擇：成為全球公民的議程》的作者之一。

Vocabulary

atone：彌補，贖罪

atrocity：暴行

reconcile：與…和好

emasculate：閹割，削弱

heinous：令人發指的

parliamentarian：議會議員

pervade：遍布

英文來源：中國日報

譯者：趙瑜-BUPT

編輯：齊磊

審校：劉明