三级aa视频在线观看-三级国产-三级国产精品一区二区-三级国产三级在线-三级国产在线

您現在的位置: > Language Tips > Easy English > Odd Question  
 





  How is chewing gum made?
[ 2005-03-28 08:06 ]

All recipes for chewing gum manufactured today share the same main ingredients: a gum base, sweeteners, primarily sugar and corn syrup, and flavorings. Some also contain softeners, such as glycerin and vegetable oil. The amount of each added to the mix varies as to which type of gum is being manufactured. For example, bubble gum contains more of the gum base, so that your bubbles don't burst…especially during class!

Though gum manufacturers carefully guard their recipes, they all share the same basic process to reach the finished product. Preparation of the gum base at the factory, by far the lengthiest step, requires that the raw gum materials be melted down in sterilized in a steam cooker, and then pumped to a high-powered centrifuge to rid the gum base of undesirable dirt and bark.

Once the factory workers clean the melted gum base, they combine approximately 20% of the base with 63% sugar, 16% corn syrup, and 1% flavoring oils, such as spearmint, peppermint, and cinnamon. While still warm, they run the mixture between pairs of rollers, which are coated on both sides with powdered sugar, to prevent the resulting ribbon of gum from sticking. The final pair of rollers comes fully equipped with knives, which snip the ribbon into sticks, which yet another machine individually wraps.

The gum base used in these recipes is, for the most part, manufactured, due to economic constraints. In the good old days, the entire gum base came directly from the milky white sap, or chicle, of the sapodilla tree found in Mexico and in Guatemala. There, natives collect the chicle by the bucketful, boil it down, mold it into 25-pound blocks, and ship it directly to chewing gum factories. Those with little or no self-restraint, chew their chicle directly from the tree, as did New England settlers, after watching Indians do the same.

The concept of chewing gum stuck, and continues to play a vital role in our economy, largely due to the many benefits associated with its use. Sales of chewing gum first began in the early 1800s. Later, in the 1860s, chicle was imported as a substitute for rubber, and finally, in approximately the 1890s, for use in chewing gum.

The pure pleasure derived from enraging a schoolteacher by blowing bubbles in class, or from annoying a co-worker by snapping it, is only one of the attractions of chewing gum. Chewing gum actually helps to clean the teeth, and to moisturize the mouth, by stimulating saliva production, which helps to neutralize tooth-decay-forming acids left behind after eating fermented food.

The muscular action of chewing gum also helps to curb a person's appetite for a snack or for a cigarette, to concentrate, to stay alert, to ease tension, and to relax one's nerves and muscles. For these very reasons, the armed forces supplied soldiers with chewing gum in World War I, World War II, in Korea, and in Vietnam. Today, chewing gum is still included in field and combat rations. In fact, the Wrigley Company, following the Department of Defense specifications supplied to government contractors, supplied chewing gum for the distribution to troops stationed in Saudi Arabia during the Persian Gulf War. It is safe to say that chewing gum has served our country well.

 

note:

sweetener: 甜料
corn syrup: 玉米糖漿
flavoring: 調味品, 調味料
softener: 軟化劑; 柔軟劑
glycerin: 甘油,丙三醇
vegetable oil: 植物油

 

bubble gum: 泡泡糖

 

steam cooker: 蒸汽蒸煮器(殺菌器)
centrifuge: 離心分離機

 

spearmint: 荷蘭薄荷
peppermint: 胡椒薄荷
cinnamon: 肉桂, 桂皮

 

 

sap: .樹液
chicle: (中美產的)一種樹膠
sapodilla: 人心果樹(赤鐵科常青樹)
Guatemala: 危地馬拉

 

 

 

 

 

 

moisturize: 使增加水分

saliva: 口水, 唾液

ferment: 發酵

 
 
 




主站蜘蛛池模板: 日本乱人伦毛片 | 日本美女黄色一级片 | 欧美性色黄大片a级毛片视频 | 欧洲女人性开放免费网站 | 欧美高清色视频在线播放 | 日本特黄一级 | 日本免费黄视频 | 黄色毛片在线看 | 国产传媒在线观看 | 国产一区二区三区免费 | 久青草视频在线 | 久99久热只有精品国产99 | 成人99国产精品 | 日韩精品首页 | 九九精品视频在线观看 | 亚洲精品午夜一区二区 | 国产短视频精品一区二区三区 | 国产在线乱码在线视频 | 国产人成激情视频在线观看 | 欧美日韩乱妇高清免费 | 亚洲色图第一页 | 一本高清在线 | 久久91亚洲人成电影网站 | 亚洲精品高清视频 | 国产成人精品日本 | 国产网站视频 | 国产精品亚洲片在线花蝴蝶 | 在线免费观看黄色片 | 九九精品成人免费国产片 | 亚洲免费精品 | 91福利在线观看视频 | 亚洲爆操 | 日韩欧美特一级大黄作a毛片免费 | 岛国视频在线观看免费播放 | 国产亚洲精品视频中文字幕 | 看黄色网址| 午夜精品国产爱在线观看不卡 | 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久久久网站 | 美女白丝超短裙被输出动态图 | 欧美日本一道道一区二区三 | 高清成人综合 |