The director says he is currently working on a five-hour play adapted from War and Peace, a classic novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, which he hopes to bring to China when the pandemic is over.

"Tuminas was in Wuzhen in 2017 and we had a lovely talk," recalls director and playwright Stan Lai during the forum. Lai is one of the cofounders of Wuzhen Theater Festival. "Thanks to technology, we can still have conversations during the pandemic.

"What's the mission of a director working in theater? It's a question that I have been thinking about since 1983, when I graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and received my PhD as a drama student," says Lai, 68. "I also asked myself questions about the function of theaters and which theater is the best. While I have found the answers to some of these questions, others remain unresolved."

He recalls once traveling to Amsterdam as a student to work in a small theater. There were 12 people working there and all of them spoke Dutch.

"They once produced a play about a bathroom attendant. As the story went on, I saw audiences laugh and cry with the characters. The audience gave the actors and actresses waves of applause, which I had never seen before. That's the kind of theater I was hoping to build," says Lai. "I want my plays to have a real connection with their audiences."

Lai also notes that he lives in Shanghai, a city which is home to 149 professional theaters, which stage 8,700 performances every year.

"You can watch the same plays as those in New York, which is a great thing for theatergoers. It also poses another question for Chinese directors: what kind of productions can we bring to our audiences?" Lai says.

To attract more young Chinese directors to create plays, Drum Tower West Theater, a small theater in downtown Beijing, has launched a project to support young Chinese directors in 2021 and in 2022, and the project will continue, according to Li Yangduo, founder of the theater, who attended the forum.

One of the most popular small private theaters in Beijing, Drum Tower West Theater, founded in 2013, has endured a tough time through the pandemic.

In April 2020, Li came up with the idea of selling cherries to solve the theater's financial difficulty. It was an idea based on a bookshop called Cherry Orchard, named, obviously, in Russian playwright Anton Chekhov's honor, inside the Drum Tower West Theater.

"Luckily, we've survived and the theater is still putting on shows," says Li. "Audiences, actors, actresses and directors are returning to the theater. Now, each performance is like a celebration and we will stage more new plays this year."

Contact the writer at chennan@chinadaily.com.cn